Teide, or Mount Teide, (Spanish: El Teide, Pico del Teide, pronounced [ˈpiko ðel ˈtejðe], "Teide Peak") is actually a volcano on Tenerife from the Canary Islands, Spain. Its summit (at 3,715 m (twelve,188 ft)) is the very best position in Spain and the best level previously mentioned sea degree while in the islands of your Atlantic.
If measured from your ocean floor, its height of 7,500 m (24,600 ft) tends to make Teide the fourth-optimum volcano on the globe, which is described by UNESCO and NASA as Earth's 3rd-tallest volcanic construction. Even so, as Teide was formed just a hundred and seventy,000 many years in the past as a consequence of volcanic action subsequent a catastrophic landslide, Teide's foundation is actually positioned from the Las Cañadas crater (the continues to be of an more mature, eroded, extinct volcano) at a height of around two,190 m (7,a hundred ninety ft) earlier mentioned sea amount. Teide's elevation higher than sea amount helps make Tenerife the tenth maximum island on this planet. Teide is an Lively volcano: its most up-to-date eruption occurred in 1909 through the El Chinyero vent over the northwestern Santiago rift. The United Nations Committee for Disaster Mitigation designated Teide a Decade Volcano[ten] as a result of its history of harmful eruptions and its proximity to a number of big towns, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de los Vinos and Puerto de la Cruz. Teide, Pico Viejo and Montaña Blanca sort the Central Volcanic Intricate of Tenerife.
The volcano and its environment comprise Teide Countrywide Park, that has a region of eighteen,900 hectares (forty seven,000 acres) and was named a Earth Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.[eight] Teide is among the most frequented organic speculate of Spain, essentially the most frequented countrywide park in Spain and Europe and – by 2015 – the eighth most frequented on earth, with a few 3 million guests yearly. In 2016, it was visited by four,079,823 guests and vacationers, reaching a historic report. Teide Observatory, A serious Global astronomical observatory, is located within the slopes of your mountain.
Ahead of the 1496 Spanish colonization of Tenerife, the indigenous Guanches referred to a powerful figure residing in the volcano, which carries mild, electrical power and also the Solar. El Pico del Teide is the modern Spanish identify.[15]
Teide was a sacred mountain for the aboriginal Guanches, so it was viewed as a mythological mountain, as Mount Olympus was to the ancient Greeks. As outlined by legend, Guayota (the Satan) kidnapped Magec (the god of light and also the sun) and imprisoned him Within the volcano, plunging the globe into darkness. The Guanches questioned their supreme god Achamán for clemency, so Achamán fought Guayota, freed Magec in the bowels from the mountain, and plugged the crater with Guayota. It is alleged that because then, Guayota has remained locked inside Teide. When taking place to Teide in the course of an eruption, it was customary for your Guanches to gentle bonfires to scare Guayota. Guayota is often represented for a black Pet dog, accompanied by his host of demons (Tibicenas).
The Guanches also believed that Teide held up the sky. Quite a few hiding places located in the mountains include the remains of stone instruments and pottery. These have been interpreted as being ritual deposits to counter the influence of evil spirits, like All those made by the Berbers of Kabylie. The Guanches believed the mountain being the area that housed the forces of evil and the most evil figure, Guayota.[sixteen]
Guayota shares functions much like other potent deities inhabiting volcanoes, including the goddess Pele of Hawaiian mythology, who lives while in the volcano Kīlauea and it is regarded by the native Hawaiians as to blame for the eruptions on the volcano.[seventeen] The identical was accurate for The traditional Greeks and Romans, who thought that Vulcano and Mount Etna have been chimneys of the foundry of the fire god Hephaestus (Vulcan in Latin).
In 1492, when Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Tenerife, his crew claimed to check out flames coming from the highest mountain with the island (Teide).
Teide past erupted in 1909 in the El Chinyero vent,[23] on the Santiago Ridge. Historic volcanic activity to the island is related to vents to the Santiago or northwest rift (Boca Cangrejo in 1492, Montañas Negras in 1706,[23] Narices del Teide or Chahorra in 1798, and El Chinyero in 1909) and the Cordillera Dorsal or northeast rift (Fasnia in 1704, Siete Fuentes and Arafo in 1705). The 1706 Montañas Negras eruption destroyed the city and principal port of Garachico, and also numerous more compact villages.[15]
Historical action linked to the Teide and Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes [23] occurred in 1798 in the Narices del Teide on the western flank of Pico Viejo. Eruptive content from Pico Viejo, Montaña Teide and Montaña Blanca partially fills the Las Cañadas caldera.[22] The final explosive eruption involving the central volcanic centre was from Montaña Blanca all around 2000 many years back. The last eruption in the Las Cañadas caldera occurred in 1798 through the Narices del Teide or Chahorra (Teide's Nostrils) to the western flank of Pico Viejo. The eruption was predominantly strombolian in design and almost all of the lava was ʻaʻā. This lava is noticeable beside the Vilaflor–Chio street.
Christopher Columbus documented observing "a great hearth during the Orotava Valley" as he sailed past Tenerife on his voyage to find The brand new Entire world in 1492. This was interpreted as indicating that he experienced witnessed an eruption there. Radiometric courting of feasible lavas indicates that in 1492 no eruption happened while in the Orotava Valley, but a person did manifest within the Boca Cangrejo vent.[23]
The final summit eruption from Teide occurred about the yr 850 AD, which eruption produced the "Lavas Negras" or "Black Lavas" that address A lot of the flanks on the volcano.[23]
About 150,000 many years in the past, a much bigger explosive eruption happened, likely of Volcanic Explosivity Index five. It developed the Las Cañadas caldera, a considerable caldera at about 2,000 m higher than sea level, all around 16 km (9.nine mi) from east to west and nine km (5.six mi) from north to south. At Guajara, within the south facet of your construction, The inner walls rise as almost sheer cliffs from 2,100 to 2,715 m (six,890 to eight,907 ft). The 3,715 m (12,188 ft) summit of Teide by itself, and its sister stratovolcano Pico Viejo (3,134 m (ten,282 ft)), are each situated during the northern 50 % on the caldera and are derived from eruptions later on than this prehistoric explosion.
Long run eruptions might incorporate pyroclastic flows and surges similar to those who occurred at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and somewhere else. Through 2003, there was an increase in seismic exercise within the volcano and a rift opened to the north-east flank. No eruptive exercise happened but a quantity of fabric, perhaps liquid, was emplaced in to the edifice and it is approximated to have a quantity of ~1011 m3.[citation necessary] These kinds of action can point out that magma is increasing into your edifice, but will not be constantly a precursor to an eruption.[15]
Teide Also is taken into account structurally unstable and its northern flank has a distinctive bulge.[citation desired] The summit with the volcano has many small Lively fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide together with other gases, including reduced amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
Future eruptions could include things like pyroclastic flows and surges similar to people who happened at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and elsewhere. Throughout 2003, there was an increase in seismic exercise in the volcano plus a rift opened about the north-east flank. No eruptive activity transpired but a amount of fabric, probably liquid, was emplaced into your edifice which is estimated to possess a volume of ~1011 m3.[citation needed] These kinds of exercise can point out that magma is soaring to the edifice, but just isn't constantly a precursor to an eruption.[15]
Teide On top of that is taken into account structurally unstable and its northern flank has a distinctive bulge.[citation needed] The summit of your volcano has quite a few smaller active fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide and also other gases, such as small amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
A scientific evaluation in 2006, revealed within the journal Eos, noticed that "previously 30,000 a long time, eruptions have transpired at a fee of only 4 to six per millennium, by using a predominance (70%) of quite very low hazard, basaltic eruptions".[36] The authors further commented that "the latest eruptive history, coupled with the accessible petrological and radiometric details, delivers a relatively optimistic outlook on important volcanic dangers connected to Teide and its rift zones, posing only pretty localized threats on the a million inhabitants of Tenerife and also the four.five million yearly site visitors to Teide National Park." Even so, A further review in 2009 concluded that Teide will probably erupt violently in the future, and that its composition is similar to that of Vesuvius and Etna.[37] Hence the magnitude of the chance posed by Teide to the public remains a source of debate.
In a publication of 1626, Sir Edmund Scory, who most likely stayed within the island in the first a long time on the seventeenth century, offers an outline of Teide, where he notes the appropriate paths to the very best and the consequences its appreciable peak will cause for travellers, indicating the volcano were accessed via distinct routes before the 17th century.[39] In 1715 the English traveler J. Edens and his occasion manufactured the ascent and claimed their observations within the journal of your Royal Culture in London.[40]
After the Enlightenment, many of the expeditions that went to East Africa along with the Pacific experienced Teide as The most satisfying targets. The expedition of Lord George Macartney, George Staunton and John Barrow in 1792 Pretty much resulted in tragedy, as A serious snowstorm and rain swept around them they usually did not get to the peak of Teide, just barely having earlier Montaña Blanca.[forty][41]
The German scientist Alexander von Humboldt stopped in Tenerife throughout his voyage to South The us in 1799 and climbed Teide along with his travelling companion Goalé Bonpland and a few local guides.[forty two]
All through an expedition to Kilimanjaro, the German adventurer Hans Heinrich Joseph Meyer frequented Teide in 1894 to look at ice ailments around the volcano. He described The 2 mountains as "two kings, 1 climbing while in the ocean and the other from the desert and steppes".[forty]
A lot more recently in November 2017, Gema Hassen-Bey grew to become the very first Paralympic athlete on the globe in a very wheelchair to reach 3,000 meters altitude with only the momentum of her arms. In the beginning, Gema needed to get to the leading of Teide, although, on account of climatic conditions, she could not fulfill this objective.
The lava flows about the flanks of Teide weather to an incredibly slim but nutrient- and mineral-prosperous soil that supports lots of plant species. Vascular flora is made up of 168 plant species, 33 of that happen to be endemic to Tenerife.[44]
Forests of Canary Island Pine (Pinus canariensis) with Canary Island juniper (Juniperus cedrus) occur from 1,000 to two,one hundred metres (3,300–six,900 ft), covering the middle slopes in the volcano and reaching an alpine tree line one,000 m (three,three hundred ft) decrease than that of continental mountains at similar latitudes.[forty five][46] Within the Las Cañadas caldera and at greater altitudes, plant species endemic into the Teide Nationwide Park include: the Teide white broom (Spartocytisus supranubius), that has white flowers; Descurainia bourgaeana, a shrubby crucifer with yellow flowers; the Canary Island wallflower (Erysimum scoparium), which has violet bouquets; along with the Teide bugloss (Echium wildpretii), whose pink bouquets type a pyramid as much as three m (nine.eight ft) in height.[47] The Teide daisy (Argyranthemum teneriffae) are available at altitudes close to 3,600 m (eleven,800 ft) over sea level, as well as the Teide violet (Viola cheiranthifolia) can be found suitable up on the summit, rendering it the very best flowering plant in Spain.[forty eight]
These vegetation are adapted for the hard environmental problems around the volcano, for instance substantial altitude, intense daylight, extreme temperature versions, and deficiency of dampness. Adaptations include hemispherical kinds, a downy or waxy address, a discount with the uncovered leaf location, and large flower output.[forty six][49] Flowering requires put inside the late spring or early summertime, in Might and June.
Teide Countrywide Park has a large number of invertebrate species, over 40% of which happen to be endemic species, and 70 of which might be identified only within the Nationwide Park. The invertebrate fauna contains spiders, beetles, dipterans, hemipterans, and hymenopterae.[fifty]
In distinction, Teide Nationwide Park has only a confined range of vertebrate fauna.[fifty one] Ten species of bird nest there, such as the blue chaffinch (Fringilla teydea), Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii berthelotii), the Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) and a subspecies of kestrel (Falco tinnunculus canariensis).[52][fifty three]
3 endemic reptile species are found in the park: the Canary Island lizard (Gallotia galloti galloti), the Canary Island wall gecko (Tarentola delalandii), as well as the Canary Island skink (Chalcides viridanus viridanus).[fifty one][54] The sole mammals native for the park are bats, the commonest of and that is Leisler's bat (Nyctalus leisleri). Other mammals, such as the mouflon, the rabbit, the home mouse, the black rat, the feral cat, as well as the North African hedgehog, have all been launched for the park.
Teide is the main image of Tenerife and essentially the most emblematic organic monument of the Canary Islands. An image of Teide, gushing flames, seems within the centre of Tenerife's coat of arms. Earlier mentioned the volcano seems St. Michael, the patron saint of Tenerife. The flag colours on the island are darkish blue, traditionally determined With all the sea that surrounds the island, and white for that whiteness in the snow-lined peaks of Mount Teide through winter. The emblem from the Cabildo de Tenerife (governing entire body of your island) includes a symbol of Teide in eruption.
Teide has become depicted commonly all through record, through the earliest engravings made by European conquerors to typical Canarian craft objects, within the back again of one thousand-peseta notes, in oil paintings and on postcards.
While in the Canary Islands, Particularly on Tenerife, Teide has cultural symbolism deeply rooted in traditions and background. It really is popularly often called Padre Teide (Father Teide).
eide National Park (Spanish: Parque nacional del Teide, pronounced [ˈpaɾke naθjoˈnal de ˈtejðe]) can be a countrywide park located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
The national park is centered on Mount Teide, the very best mountain of Spain (3,718 meters large) On top of that, the highest volcano from the Atlantic Ocean islands and also the 3rd greatest volcano on the globe from its base from the ocean floor (7.500 meters large). Pico Viejo, also provided throughout the national park limitations, is the 2nd best volcano from the Canary Islands with its 3,135 m peak. Mount piscinas naturales en tenerife Teide and Pico Viejo are the only two peaks within the Canary islands rising earlier mentioned the 3,000 m amount.
The park has an area of 18,990 hectares situated in the municipality of La Orotava[citation required]. It had been named a Environment Heritage Site by UNESCO on June 28, 2007.[1] Because the close of 2007, it's got also been among the twelve Treasures of Spain. On a ridge, for the east of Teide, would be the telescopes from the Observatorio del Teide.
Teide is easily the most visited nationwide park in Spain and −by 2015− the eighth most frequented on this planet,[two] with a few 3 million website visitors yearly.[three] In 2016, it was frequented by 4,079,823 people and tourists achieving a historical report.[4][5]
You will discover morning and afternoon coach excursions in the park, departing from chosen spots from the south of Tenerife's tourist cities. Use of the height requires a totally free permit that should be booked ahead of time.
The Teide Nationwide Park has a big historical benefit. This put experienced an essential spiritual significance to aboriginal Guanches and vital archaeological web-sites have been discovered from the park. For that Guanches the Teide was a location of worship, they assumed it was the gate of hell (Echeyde).[7]
Countrywide park status was declared on January 22, 1954, which was one of the 3rd in Spain. In 1981 the park was reclassified and proven for a Specific authorized regime. In 1989, the Council of Europe awarded the European Diploma of Guarded Regions, in its best class. This recognition and conservation management has become subsequently renewed in 1994, 1999 and 2004.
In celebration of your 50th anniversary of its transformation into a national park, in 2002 the paperwork was started to declare the park a UNESCO Environment Heritage Site. On June 28, 2007, after five years of labor and energy, UNESCO chose to declare the Teide Nationwide Park, Globe Heritage Web-site on the globe Heritage Conference of UNESCO held in Christchurch, New Zealand. Teide National Park is additionally at the conclusion of 2007, among the twelve Treasures of Spain.
Teide Countrywide Park is complementary for the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park,[8] this is mainly due to becoming in Every of these represented the volcanic buildings and varieties less advanced magmas of these kinds of islands (Hawaii) plus much more progressed and differentiated (Teide).[9] What's more, Teide Countrywide Park shares similar scenic attributes Along with the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, United States.
The lava flows over the flanks of Teide weather to an extremely skinny, but nutrient and mineral abundant soil that supports a various range of plant species. Vascular flora contains 168 plant species, 33 of that are endemic to Tenerife.[10]
Forests of Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) take place from a thousand–2100 m, covering the middle slopes of your volcano, and owning an alpine timberline a thousand m decreased than that of continental mountains of comparable latitude.[eleven] At bigger altitudes, the Las Cañadas caldera gives enough shelter for more fragile species such as the Canary Island cedar (Juniperus cedrus), as well as Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) to mature.[twelve]
By far the most dominant plant species within the Teide National Park would be the Teide white broom (Spartocytisus supranubius), which has a white and pink flower; the Canary Island wallflower (Erysimum scoparium), which has white and violet bouquets; plus the Teide bugloss (Echium wildpretii), whose purple bouquets kind a pyramid as many as 3m in